治疗痴呆药物研究的实验方法与正在研制的药物
Treatment of dementia can be divided as symptomatic treatment of cognitive
or non-cognitive symptoms and the treatment of underlying pathology. In
the last decade the thrust of symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease
(AD) has been enhancement of cholinergic transmission. Besides the acetycholinesterase
inhibitors (AChE-I) currently in use, cholinergic agonists and enhancers
are in development. Other therapeutic approaches directed towards neurotransmitter
substitution or modulation include serotoninergic, noradrenergic substances,
neuropeptides and those acting via excitatory amino acid receptors, such
as ampakines or NMDA antagonists. Introduction of atypical neuroleptics
represents the most recent development in the treatment of behavioural
symptoms. Efforts to treat the underlying pathology are based on modulation
of APP processing in order to decrease the accumulation of beta-amyloid,
those to decrease tau hyperphosphorylation, use of nerve growth factors
and those based on Apo-E modulation. Potential use of oestrogens and NSAIDs
are also under investigation. Recently, vaccination with amyloid-beta
peptide has been reported to be effective in an animal model of AD, this
putative vaccine is now in clinical trials. Likewise, recent studies suggest
that some statins may have a prophylactic effect. [引自Expert Opin Investig
Drugs 2001 Apr;10(4):607-17]
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