名词介绍


Dementia: A syndrome due to a disease of the brain, usuallly of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement. Conscilusness is not clouded. The cognitive imnpairments are commonly accompanied, and occasionally preceded, by deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, or motivation.
痴呆：由于（通常为慢性或进行性的）大脑疾病导致的综合征，其中有多种高级皮层功能紊乱，涉及记忆、思维、定向、理解、计算、学习能力、语言和判断诸方面。意识并不混浊。情绪控制能力、社交行为或动机的衰退常与认知损害相伴随，偶尔会早于认知损害。

Alzheimer disease(AD): A primary degenerative cerebral disease of unknown etiology with characteristic neuropathologcal and neurochemical features, including cortical atrophy with neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic argentophilic plaques, and a marked reduction on the enzyme choline acetyltransferase, in acetylcholine itself, and in other neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. The disorder is usually insidious in onset and develops slowly but steadily over aperiod of several years. Cases with late onset, i.e. after the age of 65 years (type 1), are characterized by a slow progression, with memory impairment as the principal feature; cases with onset before the age of 65 years (Type 2) show a relatively rapid deteriorating course and marked multiple disorders of the higher cortical functions. The condition was first described as presenile dementia by Alzheimer (1864-1915).
阿尔茨海默病(AD)：一种病因未明的原发退行性大脑疾病，具有特征性的神经病理和神经生化改变，包括伴有神经原纤维缠结和神经炎性嗜银斑的皮层萎缩，胆碱乙酰转移酶、乙酰胆碱本身、以及其它神经递质和神经调质的明显减少。该病发病潜隐，在数年之内缓慢但稳定地发展。晚发病者，即65岁以后发病者（I型），进展缓慢，以记忆受损为主要特征；在65岁前发病者（II型），表现为相对较快的衰退进程，并有明显的多种高级皮层功能障碍。该病最初由阿尔茨海默（Alzheimr）（1864-1915）描述为早老性痴呆。

Dementia. vascular: Dementia resulting from infarction of the brain due to vascular disease, including hypertensive cerebrovascular disease. The dementia may follow a history of transient ischemic attacks, a succession of acute cerebrovascular accidents, or less commonly, a single major stroke. The infarcts are usually small but cumulative in their effect. The onset is usually in later life. The term includes multi-infarct dementia.
血管性痴呆：由于血管疾病导致脑梗塞造成的痴呆，包括高血压性脑血管病。痴呆可发生于多次短暂性脑缺血发作、连续的急性脑血管意外之后，个别情况下也可在一次严重中风之后发生。梗塞灶一般较小，但其效应可以累加。一般在晚年起病。这一术语包含多发脑梗塞性痴呆。